Helps balance the pH of skincare formulations to maintain optimal effectiveness and skin comfort.
Solubility greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 72 °F (NTP, 1992)
Formula
C3H4O4
Mol. Weight
104.06
CAS #
141-82-2
Form
Liquid
Plant-Derived
Synthetic. Synthesized from malonamide or related precursors through organic synthesis pathways in chemical laboratories. Produced via condensation reactions or oxidative processes to form the dicarboxylic acid compound.
Function
Buffering | Skin Conditioning
Benefits
Stabilizes pH
Antioxidant Protection
Locks In Moisture
Traditional Use
A synthetic dicarboxylic acid developed in the 19th century through organic chemistry synthesis. Used in contemporary skincare formulations as an exfoliant and skin conditioner with no historical cosmetic precedent.
Skin Types
all-skin-types
Best For
Target
Uneven Texture
Melanin-Rich Skin
Suitable
Pregnancy Safe
Caution
EWG Score4
CIR Safety Findings
medical-approval, all-shades-safe, Not a Sensitizer