This review of 20 years of research found that synthetic fragrance chemicals—particularly phthalates, parabens, and volatile organic compounds—are linked to allergies, respiratory problems, endocrine disruption, fertility issues, and potential cancer risk. The study also flagged heavy metals in cosmetics as a concern. The biggest problem: we don't really know the long-term effects of using multiple fragrance ingredients together every day, and current regulations don't require companies to disclose what's actually in their 'fragrance' ingredient.

Researchers reviewed published studies from 2005-2024 looking at how fragrance and cosmetic ingredients affect human health across multiple areas: fertility, breathing, cancer risk, allergies, hormones, and the nervous system.

Funding not disclosed in abstract