Arbutin is a skin-lightening ingredient that works by blocking melanin production and has antioxidant properties. It's generally safe with rare side effects, but the research shows it works better when combined with other ingredients or laser treatments. One important caveat: arbutin can break down into hydroquinone during product use, so formulation quality matters.

This was a comprehensive review of 30+ years of arbutin research, examining clinical studies on its effectiveness, safety, how it works in the body, and various formulation methods to improve how well it absorbs into skin.

Funding not disclosed in abstract