Review
Safety Assessment of PCA (2-Pyrrolidone-5-Carboxylic Acid) and Its Salts as Used in Cosmetics.
Monice M Fiume, Wilma F Bergfeld, Donald V Belsito, Ronald A Hill, Curtis D Klaassen, Daniel C Liebler + 6 more
ReviewInternational journal of toxicology2019
Research Facts
Safety Assessment of PCA (2-Pyrrolidone-5-Carboxylic Acid) and Its Salts as Used in Cosmetics.
Monice M Fiume, Wilma F Bergfeld, Donald V Belsito, Ronald A Hill, Curtis D Klaassen, Daniel C Liebler + 6 more
Review ยท Moderate ยท 2019
Findings

Sodium PCA and related salt forms (calcium, magnesium, potassium) are safe for use in cosmetics at current concentration levels. The main catch: they shouldn't be used in products where N-nitroso compounds could form, which is a specific chemical concern rather than a general safety issue.

Design
Review
Evidence
Moderate
Journal
International journal of toxicology
Methodology

The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel reassessed safety data on PCA and sodium PCA from their 1999 report, plus new data on three previously unstudied salt variations of the ingredient.

Funded By

Funding not disclosed in abstract