Parabens have low acute and chronic toxicity; estrogenic activity is 10,000 to 100,000 times weaker than estradiol

This comprehensive review of paraben safety data found that methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, and butylparaben have low acute and chronic toxicity, are rapidly absorbed, metabolized, and excreted, and do not accumulate in the body. While parabens exhibit weak estrogenic activity in vitro, the potency is 10,000 to 100,000 times weaker than 17β-estradiol. The authors concluded that parabens are safe as used in cosmetics at typical concentrations. This industry-funded review is often cited alongside the Darbre studies in debates about paraben safety, representing the contrasting viewpoint.

Industry (not specified)