Niacinamide (vitamin B3) can reduce itching, fight bacteria, calm redness, protect from sun damage, control oil production, and help with dark spots—but the strength of these effects depends on concentration. The research shows it works by blocking inflammation pathways in skin cells. While it's safe and well-tolerated, there isn't yet enough clinical evidence to call it a proven treatment for specific skin conditions.

This was a literature review that examined existing research on how niacinamide works when applied topically to skin and what it actually does.

Funding not disclosed in abstract